Bienestar habitacional y mejoramiento de aislación térmica : estudio de vivienda social tipo 5, Villa Cervantes.

Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)RESUMEN: La escasez de equipamientos que proporcionan el bienestar habitacional en una edificación, es una problemática recurrente en la elaboración de viviendas sociales, generando falencias en la aislación térmica de la envolvente, iluminación natural al interior de la vivienda, aislación acústica exterior e interior, percepción de seguridad frente al fuego, comportamiento frente a sismos, y comportamiento de la vivienda frente a lluvias y humedad a lo largo de su vida útil. Esto afecta directamente, a los requerimientos de las necesidades básicas de comodidad, y de satisfacción psicológica/fisiológica de los usuarios de las viviendas. Este documento, tiene como objetivo, investigar las principales problemáticas de bienestar habitacional presentes en las viviendas en estudio, y mejorar las características de estas, acotando e interviniendo sus falencias bajo los criterios de bienestar establecidos por el FONDEF. Para ello, se determina un caso en estudio, al cual se le realiza un diagnóstico de su situación actual con un instrumento de encuesta y análisis de su tipología (materiales de construcción); a partir de esto se elabora una propuesta de intervención para la principal problemática (aislación térmica), donde se determinan los costos y beneficios del proyecto. Además, económicamente, el proyecto aquí descrito es factible de realizar con la complementación de un subsidio estatal, enfocado en “Obras de Innovación de Eficiencia Energética” (D.S. N°255), donde, al incorporar elementos de eficiencia térmica en la envolvente, se obtienen beneficios tanto económicos, como de bienestar habitacional para las familias. Con este proyecto, es posible disminuir el flujo térmico a través de la envolvente, el gasto mensual y el consumo de combustibles no renovables que afectan el medio ambiente. Palabras Clave: Bienestar habitacional, Viviendas Sociales, Eficiencia térmica, Envolvente.ABSTRACT: The shortage of equipment that provide well-being housing in a building, is a recurrent problem in the development of social housing, generating shortcomings in the thermal insulation of the envelope, natural lighting inside the home, acoustic insulation outer and inner, perceptions of fire safety, good resistance to earthquakes, and behavior of the house against rain and humidity throughout its life. This directly affects, to the satisfaction of the basic needs of comfort and psychological / physiological of the users of houses. This document has the objective to investigate the main problems of well-being housing, present in the homes-studio, and improve the features of these, delimiting its flaws and intervening under the criteria of well-being established for the FONDEF. For them, is determined a case to study, where makes a diagnosis of the current situation, using survey instrument, and analysis their materials; from this is developing a proposal of intervention for the main problem (thermal insulation), where is determined the costs/benefits of the project. Also, the project is economically feasible to do with a complementation of state subsidy, centered in “Innovation Works of Energy Efficiency” (D.S. N°255), where to incorporate elements of thermal efficiency in the covering, is obtained economic benefits and an increase in the well-being housing for the families. With this project, is possible decrease the heat flow through the wall, monthly expenditure per household and consumption of non-renewable fuels that affect the environment. Keyword: Wellbeing housing, Social housing, Thermal efficiency, Covering

A new heuristic algorithm to create customized tourist routes

La adaptación de las actividades turísticas a sus preferencias es un elemento crucial para los turistas del siglo XXI. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo el proponer un nuevo algoritmo heurístico para la realización de rutas turísticas personalizadas en los centros históricos de las ciudades que pueda ser aplicado a plataformas web turísticas o aplicaciones para móviles. Para su consecución se ha hecho en primera instancia un análisis del estado de la cuestión que sirviera de marco de referencia. A continuación se explica el nuevo algoritmo, que consta de dos partes. En la primera se aborda el problema de determinar los puntos de interés que debe visitar el turista en base a sus predilecciones. Para ello se van a seleccionar los parámetros que se tendrán en cuenta y se propone un nuevo método para cuantificarlos. La segunda parte del algoritmo se centra en determinar el orden en que deben ser recorridos, buscando que la distancia sea lo menor posible. Se van a realizar agrupaciones de los distintos puntos de interés, y se van a unir entre sí. El resultado final es un algoritmo que se adapta a las preferencias dadas y que logra unos desplazamientos muy ajustados.The customization of tourism activities to the tourist preferences is crucial in the XXI century. This study aims to propose a new heuristic algorithm to create customized routes in historical city centers to be uploaded in web sites or mobile applications. First, a state of the art has been done followed by the description of the new algorithm proposed which consists of two different parts. In the first part, the attractions that the tourist should visit according to their preferences are selected together with the parameters and a new methodology to quantify them. In the second part, the study tries to determine the position of the attractions along the itinerary with the minimum distance between them. Finally, the attractions are grouped and linked together. The result is a customized algorithm to the tourist preferences which provides small distance walks.Este artículo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación SIT-MAD, financiado por la Fundación Hergar

Proposal for integrating supply chain according to sales forecast in Colombian’s construction sector based on elements and structure of supply chain orientation.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal identificar como influyen los elementos y la estructura del Supply Chain Orientation en la alineación de la cadena de suministro según la previsión de ventas en empresas de la construcción en Colombia, así mismo realizar un diagnóstico del comportamiento de la cadena de suministro para el sector de la construcción en Colombia y estructurar una propuesta de mejora.The main objective of this paper is to identify how the elements and structure of the Supply Chain Orientation influence the alignment of the supply chain according to the forecast of sales in construction companies in Colombia, as well as to make a diagnosis of the behavior of the supply chain for the construction sector in Colombia and structure a proposal for improvement.Especialista en Gerencia Logístic

Oxygen transfer rate during the production of alginate by Azotobacter vinelandii under oxygen-limited and non oxygen-limited conditions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The oxygen transfer rate (OTR) and dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) play an important role in determining alginate production and its composition; however, no systematic study has been reported about the independent influence of the OTR and DOT. In this paper, we report a study about alginate production and the evolution of the molecular mass of the polymer produced by a wild-type <it>A. vinelandii </it>strain ATCC 9046, in terms of the maximum oxygen transfer rate (OTR_max) in cultures where the dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) was kept constant.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results revealed that in the two dissolved oxygen conditions evaluated, strictly controlled by gas blending at 0.5 and 5% DOT, an increase in the agitation rate (from 300 to 700 rpm) caused a significant increase in the OTR_max(from 17 to 100 mmol L^-1h^-1for DOT of 5% and from 6 to 70 mmol L^-1h^-1for DOT of 0.5%). This increase in the OTR_maximproved alginate production, as well as the specific alginate production rate (SAPR), reaching a maximal alginate concentration of 3.1 g L^-1and a SAPR of 0.031 g _algg _biom^-1h^-1in the cultures at OTR_maxof 100 mmol L^-1h^-1. In contrast, the mean molecular mass (MMM) of the alginate isolated from cultures developed under non-oxygen limited conditions increased by decreasing the OTR_max, reaching a maximal of 550 kDa at an OTR_maxof 17 mmol L^-1h^-1. However, in the cultures developed under oxygen limitation (0.5% DOT), the MMM of the polymer was practically the same (around 200 kDa) at 300 and 700 rpm, and this remained constant throughout the cultivation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Overall, our results showed that under oxygen-limited and non oxygen-limited conditions, alginate production and its molecular mass are linked to the OTR_max, independently of the DOT of the culture.</p

Plants, people and fire: Phytolith and FTIR analyses of the post- Howiesons Poort occupations at Border Cave (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)

Acknowledgements IE has received funding from the postdoctoral fellowship programme Beatriu de Pinós (2019 BP00247), funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia) and by the Horizon 2020 programme of research and innovation of the European Union under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801370. Laboratory materials for sample processing at the University of Barcelona were funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci on - PID 2020-119773 GB-I00. Visit to the site for sampling collection for this study was sponsored by a NRF Y-Rated Research Grant (No. 116358) to DS. PdlP was supported by a Poroulis grant through Cambridge University. PdlP thanks the action PID 2019- 1049449 GB-I00 funded by Spanish FEDER/Ministry of Science and Innovation. LB was funded by a National Geographic Explorer grant (NGS-54810R-19), DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences (Genus) grant (CEOOP 2020-1), and NRF African Origins Platform grant (No. 98824). Research by FdE is funded by the Research Council of Norway (SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour- SapienCE-project 262618), the Talents program of the University of Bordeaux (n. 191022_001), and the program “Human Past”, funded by the same university.We are grateful to Amafa for issuing us with the excavation permit (SAH 15/7645), and to SAHRA for an export permit (CaseID 15987).We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that significantly improved the manuscript.Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107898.Border Cave is a well-known South African Middle and Early Later Stone Age site located in KwaZulu-Natal. The site has exceptional plant preservation, unparalleled in the African Middle Stone Age archaeological record. This study focuses on the phytolith and FTIR analysis of two Members (2 BS and 2 WA) of the under-documented post-Howiesons Poort occupations dating to ∼60 ka. These members contain complex successions of vertically overlapping, interdigitating light brown sediments, plant bedding and combustion features of various sizes. The complexity and distinctiveness of these deposits provide an excellent opportunity for the study of plant exploitation strategies and their associated human behaviour. Our taphonomic assessment inferred, through the variability of phytolith properties and minerals composing archaeological layers, that specific occupations suffered more physical weathering than others, for example in the form of trampling. The preservation of fragile and highly soluble phytoliths (eudicot leaf phytoliths) and the high frequencies of articulated phytoliths indicates that some bedding deposits experienced little disturbance after their deposition. Not all bedding layers dating to ⁓60 ka show, from a phytolith perspective, the same plant composition, which could be explained in terms of changes in human preference for the use of plants over time to construct bedding or because distinct types of living floors are represented. Finally, the systematic application of phytoliths and FTIR to the complex archaeological sequence of Border Cave confirm these analyses can be used in the future to identify bedding deposits not visible to the naked eye, and behavioural patterns obscured by diagenetic or biased processes during sampling.Programme Beatriu de Pinós (2019 BP00247), funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia)Horizon 2020 programme of research and innovation of the European Union under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801370Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - PID 2020-119773 GB-I00NRF Y-Rated Research Grant (No. 116358)Action PID 2019- 1049449 GB-I00 funded by Spanish FEDER/Ministry of Science and InnovationNational Geographic Explorer grant (NGS-54810R-19)DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences (Genus) grant (CEOOP 2020-1)NRF African Origins Platform grant (No. 98824)Research Council of Norway (SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour- SapienCE-project 262618)Talents program of the University of Bordeaux (n. 191022_001)Program “Human Past” University of BordeauxSAH 15/7645CaseID 1598

Expresión intestinal de citoquinas proinflamatorias inducidas mediante ingestión de lipopolisacáridos de E. coli en lechones recién destetados

ABSTRACT: treatments with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli are an accepted way of inducing inflammation in immunological studies since they have the ability to activate a coordinate series of signs through the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which can cause significant changes in intestinal structure and functionality. Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding LPS of E. coli on pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression IL-8, IL-18 and TNF-α in early-weaned pigs. Methods: fieldwork was conducted at Centro San Pablo, belonging to the Universidad Nacional de Colombia with 32 pigs at 21 days of age, with 6.5 ± 0.5 kg of weight. Animals were fed with a basal diet supplemented with two levels of inclusion of LPS of E. coli serotype 0111:B4 (0 to 0.3 μg/mg of food). Pigs were slaughtered in stages on days 1, 5, 7 and 10 postweaning and complete extraction of small intestine was made. Gene expression was evaluated by qPCR. Blocks at random in a factorial arrangement 2 x 4 were used as statistical design. Results: the basal diet (without addition of LPS) presented increase in mRNA expression (p<0.01) of all the cytokines in jejunum for each post-weaning day, which suggests an inflammatory response and extensive tissue damage in pigs after early weaning. In diet 1 (with consumption of 0.3 μg LPS / mg diet) cytokines TNF-α, IL-8 and IL- 18 showed a significant increase in their levels of expression (p<0.01). All cytokines presented significant increase (p<0.01) in jejunum for each post-weaning day. Conclusion: The increase observed in the expression of TNF-α can be involved in the development of post-weaning diarrhea.RESUMEN: los tratamientos con lipopolisacáridos (LPS) de E. coli son una forma aceptada para inducción de inflamación en estudios inmunológicos ya que tienen la capacidad de activar una gran variedad de rutas de señalización a través de la síntesis de citoquinas proinflamatorias, tales como interleuquina 8 (IL- 8), IL-18 y factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α), las cuales pueden provocar cambios importantes en la estructura y funcionalidad intestinal. Objetivo: el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la adición de LPS de E. coli sobre la expresión génica de las citoquinas proinflamatorias IL-8, IL-18, y TNF-α en lechones recién destetados. Métodos: este trabajo se realizó con 32 lechones de 21 días de edad, con un peso de 6,5 ± 0,5 kg en el Centro San Pablo, perteneciente a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Los animales fueron alimentados con una dieta basal adicionada con dos niveles de inclusión de LPS de E. coli serotipo 0111:B4 (0 y 0,3 μg/mg de alimento). Los animales se sacrificaron escalonadamente los días 1, 5, 7 y 10 posdestete, y se realizó extracción completa del intestino delgado. Se evaluó la expresión génica por qPCR. El diseño estadístico empleado fue de bloques al azar en un arreglo factorial de 2X4. Resultados: la dieta basal (sin adición de LPS) presentó incremento en la expresión de mRNA (p<0,01) de todas las citoquinas en yeyuno para cada día posdestete, lo que sugiere una respuesta inflamatoria y grandes daños tisulares en el lechón luego del destete precoz. En la dieta 1 (con consumo de 0,3 µg LPS /mg dieta) las citoquinas TNF-α, IL-8, e IL-18 presentaron incrementos significativos en sus niveles de expresión (p<0,01). Todas las citoquinas presentaron incremento significativo (p<0,01) en yeyuno para cada uno de los días posdestete. Conclusión: el incremento observado en la expresión de TNF-α puede estar implicado en el desarrollo de diarreas posdestete

A Typological Identification of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators in Mexican Samples

This study explored different types of intimate partner violence ( ipv ) perpetrators (and victims) in Mexican clinical and non-clinical samples and the differential mental effe cts among ipv types through Johnsons typological framework. A total of 365 partic - ipants (court-mandated men to intervention programs , victims of domestic violence seeking psychological support and male and female high school students) provided information about their ipv perpetration/victimization experiences and data on several mental health indicators. Less-controlling violence prevails in non-clinical samples , and more high-controlling ipv prevails in clinical samples , the latter more frequently reported to be mutually-perpetrated. More adverse mental health effe cts were associated to more coercive ipv . Implications indicate the need to acknowledge the heterogeneity of ipv in practice and research in clinical and non-clinical samples in Mexico

Situación del mercado de madera de calidad de pino radiata. Influencia en el estado de sus masas. Análisis de alternativas de gestión

Se estudia el estado actual de las masas españolas del pino radiata, y se compara con la situación en otros inventarios. También se analiza la evolución de los precios y las importaciones para tener una situación clara del mercado de esta madera y su posible evolución

<e-Tutor> GE: <e-Tutor> Graphical Editor

En este proyecto de Sistemas Informáticos construimos una herramienta sencilla, que consiste en un editor gráfico para y facilita la creación de tutoriales sin necesidad de tener conocimientos de lenguajes de programación. El editor permite asociar una serie de figuras que, procesadas secuencialmente, generarán un tutorial socrático. Este tipo de tutoriales pueden ser utilizados en multitud de campos, no sólo el informático, siempre dentro de un marco educativo. El desarrollo de GE se apoya en diferentes tecnologías Eclipse, que permiten la construcción de una herramienta gráfica a partir de un modelo de datos. [ABSTRACT] In This Project we have built a simple tool which consists on a graphical editor for that makes it easier to create tutorials without any knowledge in programming languages. The editor permits authors to associate certain figures, that sequentially processed, will generate a socratic tutorial. This kind of tutorials can be used for various matters, not only computing, but always within an educational framework. The development of GE is supported by some Eclipse technologies, which allow building a graphical tool from a data model

La libertad religiosa en el constitucionalismo histórico español

En alguna ocasión hemos escuchado o leído: “España es diferente”. Esta presunta “diferencia” en su versión jurídica debe basarse en la pluralidad y en la especial característica de la historia española plenamente integrada en la diversidad de Europa, de tal manera que sus raíces se enlazan con las de los otros pueblos de nuestro entorno. Un recorrido sumario por nuestra historia nos puede arrojar luces a este respecto.Derecho canónic